and the Spirit in 4:4–6.14 Although a confessional or sending formula is rather speculative, Kim’s alternative is not satisfactory either. Still another scholar, James D. G. Dunn, has linked the “sending” language to the gospel traditions in Mark 12:1–12, esp. 12:6–7, in which the father “sent” his son to check on the vineyard tenants.15 Such wildly varied hypotheses demonstrate that the notion of traditional material in Gal. 4:4–5 is incapable of proof and unlikely. As Richard Hays wrote years